All 9 vocabulary words from Lesson 8 of Henle Latin Second Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| causa, ae | cause / reason | noun | feminine · first declension |
| causā, preceded by gen. | for the sake of | preposition | with genitive |
| contrā, prep. w. acc. | against / opposite | preposition | with accusative |
| dē, prep. w. abl. | down from / out of / from / concerning (about) / for | preposition | with ablative |
| dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctus, 3, tr. | love | verb | third conjugation |
| hic, haec, hoc | this (pl., these) | pronoun | demonstrative pronoun |
| ille, illa, illud | that (pl., those) / he, she, it, they, etc. | pronoun | demonstrative pronoun |
| is, ea, id | that (pl., those) / he, she, it, they, etc. | pronoun | demonstrative/personal pronoun |
| ratiō, ratiōnis | method / reason / plan / way | noun | feminine · third declension |
This lesson contains 3 prepositions, 3 pronouns, 2 nouns and 1 verb.
Hic, ille and is can all help a reader point to someone or something, but they need not carry equal emphasis. Begin with this for hic and that for ille; then examine how is refers to an already established person or thing. These are reading distinctions, not rigid rules that force the same English pronoun every time. Causa and ratiō both touch reasons, while the separate causā construction means for the sake of with a preceding genitive. Contrā takes the accusative, contrasting with ablative dē. Challenge II studies this list in week 7 alongside Lesson 7, discussing pronoun emphasis and voice. Before moving on, trace each demonstrative to a referent, recognise the genitive relationship before causā, and choose reason, method or plan for ratiō according to the passage rather than repeating the first gloss automatically.
Forms in this lesson: 1st-declension nouns (1), prepositions taking the accusative (1), prepositions taking the ablative (1), 3rd-conjugation verbs (1), 3rd-declension nouns (1).
In the Classical Conversations schedule, this lesson's vocabulary is assigned in Challenge II, week 7.
No. Hic has the central sense this, while ille has that. Their use in context can also affect emphasis and reference.
The entry specifies a preceding genitive. Together they express for the sake of someone or something.
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