All 9 vocabulary words from Lesson 10 of Henle Latin Second Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp / fierce / eager | adjective | third declension |
| audāx (gen. audācis) | daring / bold / courageous | adjective | third declension |
| celer, celeris, celere | swift | adjective | third declension |
| dīligēns (gen. dīligentis) | careful / exact | adjective | third declension |
| noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitūrus, 2, intr.; w. dat. | harm / injure | verb | second conjugation; with dative |
| praeficiō, praeficere, praefēcī, praefectus, 3, tr.; w. dat. of thing of which | put in command of | verb | third conjugation -iō; with dative |
| praesum, praeesse, praefuī, praefutūrus, irreg., intr.; w. dat. | am over / am in command of | verb | irregular; with dative |
| resistō, resistere, restitī, 3, intr.; w. dat. | remain behind / resist / withstand | verb | third conjugation; with dative |
| studeō, studēre, studuī, 2, intr.; w. dat. | am eager (for) / strive (after) / am devoted (to) | verb | second conjugation; with dative |
This lesson contains 5 verbs and 4 adjectives.
English can make a dative construction hard to notice: we say harm someone or resist someone as though the Latin must use a direct object. Noceō and resistō instead carry explicit dative notes, as do several other verbs here. Praesum means be in command; praeficiō means put someone in command, so distinguish holding a position from appointing a person to it. The adjectives offer another comparison: ācer and celer show three nominative forms, whereas audāx and dīligēns give a genitive to reveal their stems. Challenge II week 9 practises dative verbs through examples. Before continuing, keep the required case with each verb, identify who commands and who appoints, and read an adjective entry correctly before attempting agreement. A neat English translation is useful only if it preserves the relationships expressed by the Latin cases.
Forms in this lesson: 3rd-declension adjectives (4), 2nd-conjugation verbs (2), 3rd-conjugation verbs (2), irregular verbs (1).
In the Classical Conversations schedule, this lesson's vocabulary is assigned in Challenge II, week 9.
Praesum describes being in command. Praeficiō describes putting someone in command, with the dative identifying what they are put over.
It is the genitive and reveals the stem audāc-. That entry has a different shape from the three nominative forms of ācer.
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