All 11 vocabulary words from Lesson 5 of Henle Latin Fourth Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| dōnum, ī | gift, present | noun | neuter · 2nd declension |
| dūrus, a, um | hard, rough, uncultivated, unfeeling | adjective | 1st/2nd declension |
| Ennius, ī | Ennius, an early Roman poet | noun | masculine · 2nd declension |
| ergō, adv. | accordingly, therefore, consequently | adverb | — |
| flectō, flectere, flexī, flexus, 3, tr. and intr. | bend, curve, influence | verb | 3rd conjugation |
| immānis, e | immense, monstrous, frightful | adjective | 3rd declension, 2 endings |
| mūnus, mūneris, n. | office, function, gift | noun | neuter · 3rd declension |
| quotiēns, adv. | how often, as often as | adverb | — |
| saxum, ī | rock, stone | noun | neuter · 2nd declension |
| versus, ūs | line of poetry, verse | noun | masculine · 4th declension |
| vetus (gen. veteris) | time-honored, ancient, old, aged | adjective | 3rd declension, 1 ending |
This lesson contains 5 nouns, 3 adjectives, 2 adverbs and 1 verb.
Ennius and versus make the literary setting explicit, but the useful reading work lies in the comparisons around them. Dōnum is a gift; mūnus can be a gift too, or an office or function. Dūrus may describe a hard surface or an unfeeling character, and flectō can bend something physically or influence someone. Saxum provides a concrete stone against which figurative uses can be tested. Vetus supplies veteris to reveal its third-declension stem, unlike the first- and second-declension adjective patterns nearby. This lesson has no scheduled Challenge IV week in the reference vocabulary data. For your assigned seminar passage, consider whether a material image helps explain a human response. Before Lesson 6, distinguish the noun versus from other familiar-looking forms, give mūneris with mūnus, and preserve the consequence signalled by ergō instead of treating it as decoration.
Forms in this lesson: 2nd-declension nouns (3), 3rd-declension adjectives (2), 1st/2nd-declension adjectives (1), 3rd-conjugation verbs (1), 3rd-declension nouns (1), 4th-declension nouns (1).
Both can mean gift, but mūnus also means office or function. Choose its sense from the surrounding argument.
It is a masculine fourth-declension noun meaning a line of poetry or verse. Read the genitive ending with the headword.
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