All 6 vocabulary words from Lesson 34 of Henle Latin First Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus | defend (from) | verb | 3rd conjugation; often with ab |
| līber, lībera, līberum | free (from) | adjective | 1st/2nd declension; takes ablative of separation |
| līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātus | free (from) | verb | 1st conjugation; takes ablative of separation |
| prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus | ward off (from); prevent | verb | 2nd conjugation; takes ablative of separation |
| tūtus, a, um | safe (from) | adjective | 1st/2nd declension; often with ab |
| vacuus, a, um | empty (of) | adjective | 1st/2nd declension; takes ablative of separation |
This lesson contains 3 verbs and 3 adjectives.
Freedom, safety and emptiness are linked here by separation: a person can be free from something, safe from it, or a place empty of it. The forms column makes that relationship explicit through ablative constructions. Līber is an adjective naming a condition; līberō is a verb describing the act of freeing. Dēfendō and prohibeō describe protection or prevention, while tūtus and vacuus describe resulting states. Sort the page into actions and conditions before working on the case relationships. Challenge I revisits this vocabulary in weeks 17–18 while students bring translation difficulties to seminar. Before the next lesson, identify which entries are adjectives, supply the ablative relationship where the construction requires it, and keep līber separate from līberō even when an English sentence happens to use free for either. That distinction helps you find the real verb in a longer Latin sentence.
Forms in this lesson: 1st/2nd-declension adjectives (3), 3rd-conjugation verbs (1), 1st-conjugation verbs (1), 2nd-conjugation verbs (1).
In the Classical Conversations schedule, this lesson's vocabulary is assigned in Challenge I, weeks 17 and 18.
Līber, lībera, līberum is an adjective meaning free. Līberō is a first-conjugation verb meaning to free or release.
Its meaning empty of involves separation, reflected in the ablative construction noted on the page. Learn the relationship with the adjective.
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