All 12 vocabulary words from Lesson 16 of Henle Latin First Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| ager, agrī | field | noun | masculine · 2nd declension |
| cīvitās, cīvitātis | state | noun | feminine · 3rd declension |
| fortūna, ae | fortune | noun | feminine · 1st declension |
| integer, integra, integrum | fresh; uninjured; whole | adjective | 1st/2nd declension adjective |
| ita | so; thus | adverb | — |
| Italia, ae | Italy | noun | feminine · 1st declension |
| līber, lībera, līberum | free | adjective | 1st/2nd declension adjective |
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched | adjective | 1st/2nd declension adjective |
| proelium, ī | battle | noun | neuter · 2nd declension |
| puer, puerī | boy | noun | masculine · 2nd declension |
| trāns | across | preposition | with accusative |
| vir, virī | man | noun | masculine · 2nd declension |
This lesson contains 7 nouns, 3 adjectives, 1 adverb and 1 preposition.
Ager and puer both end in -er, but their next forms reveal different stems: agrī loses the e, while puerī keeps it. The adjectives offer a parallel comparison. Integer becomes integra, whereas miser becomes misera; memorising just the masculine headword hides the difference. Group the nouns into people, territory and events, then let līber, miser and integer describe contrasting conditions. This is useful agreement practice before the reading becomes more demanding. Challenge B studies these words in weeks 16–17, discussing translations and preparing for the passive voice. Challenge I includes them in week 6; the reference Challenge A vocabulary sequence stops before this lesson. Before the next list, supply the genitives of ager and puer, recall each adjective's feminine form, and explain why a shared nominative ending does not guarantee that the same letters remain throughout a declension.
Forms in this lesson: 2nd-declension nouns (4), 1st/2nd-declension adjectives (3), 1st-declension nouns (2), 3rd-declension nouns (1), prepositions taking the accusative (1).
In the Classical Conversations schedule, this lesson's vocabulary is assigned in Challenge B, weeks 16 and 17 and Challenge I, week 6.
The nouns have different stems. Their genitives show agr- and puer-, which is why both dictionary forms need to be learned.
No. Compare integer, integra with miser, misera. The additional forms tell you whether the e remains.
Drill this lesson in Amplio with spaced repetition, audio, and quizzes. Start free with Year 1 lessons 1–10, then unlock all four years.
Start free