All 12 vocabulary words from Lesson 21 of Henle Latin Third Year, with English meanings, parts of speech, and forms.
| Latin | English | Part of speech | Form |
|---|---|---|---|
| anteā | before | adverb | — |
| cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī | cost | verb | 1st conjugation |
| emō, emere, ēmī, emptus | buy | verb | 3rd conjugation |
| gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum | rejoice, am glad | verb | 2nd conjugation |
| genus, generis | race, kind | noun | neuter · 3rd declension |
| industria, ae | exertion, hard work, energy | noun | feminine · 1st declension |
| mercātor, mercātōris | merchant | noun | masculine · 3rd declension |
| necesse est, esse | it is necessary | verb | irregular |
| nihilum, ī | nothing | noun | neuter · 2nd declension |
| pecūnia, ae | money | noun | feminine · 1st declension |
| quasi | as if, just as, nearly | adverb | — |
| vēndō, vēndere, vēndidī, vēnditus | sell | verb | 3rd conjugation |
This lesson contains 5 verbs, 5 nouns and 2 adverbs.
Buying, selling and cost make a concrete final cluster: emō, vēndō and cōnstō describe different sides of an exchange. Emō supplies ēmī and emptus; keep the participle's consonants visible rather than predicting a form from the present alone. Mercātor is the merchant and pecūnia the money, while industria describes the effort surrounding the activity. Gaudeō has an active meaning in gāvīsus sum despite its perfect expression's appearance. Necesse est is a phrase of necessity, and quasi can frame a comparison as as if. The reference Challenge III schedule assigns no week to this lesson, so use the page with your actual reading rather than treating its number as a seminar date. Before closing the year's vocabulary, distinguish buyer from seller, recognise the principal parts of emō, and preserve the difference between a comparison and a literal claim.
Forms in this lesson: 3rd-conjugation verbs (2), 3rd-declension nouns (2), 1st-declension nouns (2), 1st-conjugation verbs (1), 2nd-conjugation verbs (1), irregular verbs (1), 2nd-declension nouns (1).
Emō means buy; vēndō means sell. Keep the direction of the exchange clear when identifying each subject.
No. It belongs to gaudeō and keeps an active meaning, rejoiced or have rejoiced. Learn the expression as part of the verb.
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